The story of Pedace
In honor of the “Rita Pisano” State High School Pedace
(1985-1986)

PEDACE: FROM THE ORIGIN TO THE BEGGINING OF THE XX CETURY

Chapter VII Borbonic period

The research of Zurlo. After the short period of the Austrian domination (1714-1738) with the peace declared by Vienna , Austria looses Naples and Sicily that were assigned to Carlo III from Borbona the initiator of the Borbonic dynasty in Napoly.

Even in the borbonic period emerges in all its complexities the problem with the Silans. In that period, the usurpation of Sila was Affronted by the government that sent a delegated magistrates to put order in the tangle of interests, but the visits of Montalvo, Saluzzo, Valero and Mercader aggravated the disorder and often legalized the usurpations.

The borboni instituted a special supervising and they sent as president Petrone, who had to state that some of the state property lands remained subject to the civic uses of the inhabitants of Cosenza and Casali and that a big part of His land was constituted from sealed chambers and defense chambers, the first from the Government , the second the owners, and at the end for the protectors of the citizens, Petrone defined the use of the state property land, according to it the people that have a state property land could exercise the civic uses. But the restrictions of the civic uses at the expence of the citizens continued, like for the use of the lumber as well as for the seeds. The restrictions from1742 and 1756 with drastic prohibition regarding the protection of the forest heritage(woodland patrimony) in the reign , were limited as far as the carpenters rights go(they constituted the favorable occasion in order to limit the legnatico right), until1769, with a group of people represented by the President Emanuele Coronado, they shortened the rights of the opposed forest agents, then practically they prevented the civic uses of the citizen by using illegal measures and false assumption. The situation got even worse with the seizures,the prohibition of seeds and of cut (diatribe the forensi ) increased the confusion and the citizens of Cosenza and Casali, through lawyer Camillo Parisio, protested the participations of the state treasury caused real racketeering. in order to put order in the tangled vicissitude, the judge Giuseppe Zurlo was sent in May 1790.The assignment was complex and needed a lot of interventions: to confirm the needed help with the wounded, the representative of the University and from Silano, all the lands that are in private properties had to be defined and measured; to proceed to reintegrate the usurp lands or without valid documents of property to damage of the silani and the federal property, to define and measure the sealed chambers, and at last , based on the completed assessements, to propose a personel for the settlement of the silanic area., knowing clearly the needs of agriculture , of private property to naval construction (shipbuilding).

Zurlo ,found himself face to face to an enormous mass of papers, published work, announcement (banishment), provisions that above all during the subkingdom , that caused a state of confusion that, wanting to refer to the past, caused(triggered) the lawsuits the state of the argument would have endured. The research of Zurlo is imposing and even at these times , represents fundamental source of the story of Sua; The research (investigation) is conducted with meticulous (detailed) interest that does not omit( allow)some ancient document and does not save laborious) ispections on impassable and wooded lands.; the patient reconstruction of the history of every aspect joint through the passages of property, the usurpations and the governments tangle of rights of feudalist and municipalities; red esteem, delimited and pillars detailed description, declarations of witnesses reveal the anxiety of the of the pursuit of the truth in order not to harm the state treasury and not to oppress the owners and usurer. The research is explained in tree volumes: in the first one Zurlo describes the limits of Sua with the indications of state property lands, estimated 35 thousand bushels, and an historical analysis intending to accept the rights of the State,

The private incomes, the usurpations, the arguments, the illicit(illegal) cuts or forests and the intentional fires; in the second volume he describes the defense that is the lands of the privates and the feudalists, the origin of the purchases, the transactions , the state of the lands and forests and all this was supported with antique documents; in the third document Zurlo describes Sila di San Giovanni in Fiore (the Radial Sila) with the lands, the defense, and federal properties using the same methodology for the rest of Sila. Zurlo, at the end, proposed the Minister Acton to assign the lands to the owners obligating them to pay the land taxes and this in order to remove every reason of secret usurpations, in order to avoid judicial disputes, to demolish the intrusion of the great breeders who thruogh out the peasants of the seminative earth.

The proposals of the Zurlo were accepted in the rescritto of 23 February 1773, in which was arranged the quotation of Federal properties, the dissolution of the promiscuities and the abolition of the civic uses in all the reign. But the vicissitudes that upset Europe as a result of the French revolution, prevented that the new legislative provisions became operating.

Chapter II the French period - the SLATHER of Pedace - Brigandage

In 1799 the Partenopea Republic was proclaimed : in Cosenza and Casali the trees of the freedom were planted and were re-united the parliaments for the nominations of the new municipalities. To resist the municipalities, the members of the bourgeoisie and some notable were called, while the people remained adverse and provoked an immense and rigorous favourable movement to the borboni. The centre of greater republican activity was Celico: of Tiberio Grisolia, Francisco Celso, Catalan Basilio, the Perfect Filippo Rhodiums and Michele clergyman were the promoters. On the contrary, Pedace remained faithful to the king Ferdinand and 6th of March 1799, in a public parliament, was provided to the formation of the realistic band that had taken the name of pedacese army. But already the day before, the realists guided by the Martire siblings were to Spezzano, and from there theycarried out to Menneto and Celico. Joined in the inhabited centre of Celico, the realists of Pedace had met with the republicans guided by the Grisolia from the Catalan and the Rhodiums and had been forced to return to the point of departure Very soon reorganized the pedacesi returned to attack confirming on the overhanging hill the” Convent of 5. Francesco di Paola di Spezzano” and began a conflict that lasted a lot of days but, did not have a winner. Suffocated in the blood the Cosentina republic (fallen together with the partenopea republic) the borboni ordered by commander Ruffo passed to a pitiless repression. But very soon Ferdinando had to abandon the power in favour of Giuseppe Bonaparte: 30 March 1806 marks the beginning of the napoleon government in Calabria, that led to dividing in two provinces: Front and Ulterior Calabria and to the first one Cosenza continued to be the capital.

The provinces, they were divided in districts, the districts in governments or circondari. Pedace was found therefore being part of the Circondario di Spezzano. We have already seen that Pedace was tenaciously faithful to the Borboni: in the 1799 the name of Pedace was already synonymous of realist and for this, they were targeted by the French. The Andreotti asserts that the French “where ever they met the Pedacesi without pity massacred them to mercy and these have set thousands of ambushes and where they could pick the French massacred and beated and exterminated them”. In this climate a famous episode becomes known as the massacre (slaughter) of Pedace and the story of those events are truly emblematic of those tormented times. A family of Pedace the Leonetti, with the father don Pasquale domineered the country giving a lot of charges and using every abuse of power. Borbonici, to the advent of the new French government very soon changed flag and became partisans of the French. For their arrogance they were hated from the population that feared their superpower and it endured the impositions.

Many families of Pedace remained faithful to the king Ferdinando, between which the Iocca, the Martire, the Morrone the Pisano and Leonardo Leonetti. homonymous but not relative of don Pasquale the hated one . The night of 3 May 1806 Pasquale Martire, clergyman, and Vincenzo Jocca, parish priest, supported from Salvatore Amantea di Spezzano Grande and Leonardo Small Ferrari di Spezzano, both borboniani supporters, assembled over 200 men and attacked the Leonetti. Oned of the sons of don Pasqualen, don Gaetano was killed instantly, don Luigi succeeded in escaping in the Casole neighbour, don Giuseppe was massacred in church where he had tried to hide. The Leonetti survivors, residents to Cosenza addressed to general Verdier for an exemplary punishment of the guilt. The repression was terrible:8 of May Antonio and Luigi Leonetti with the French troupe they entered in Pedace, they started the fire in the municipality and made massacre. While the supporters with the borbonico party had sheltered themselves in Sua. But quickly after these facts it was published a pardon that he promised impunity to those who wanted to return, unless for 17 feraciously opposed from the Leonetti. Relieved from gentiluomo Giuseppe Gervino, in which the entire country had total confidence, many repatriated, amongst them Amantea, Ferrari, locca and Pisano. But after these facts the rage of the Leonetti did not calm down, indeed when the military commission for the judgment against the rioters was constituted they obtained from the French a detail torture also against the innocents. (as an example the parish priest Giorgo Donato was the condemned, although not implied in the revolt, to the exile). In the end of June the masses of Casali of Manco once again leaded from the pedacesi Foglia, Iocca and Pisano planned an attack against Cosenza and to such scope they assembled to Pianette di Rovito but general Verdier, to the commando of approximately 1500 men puts them in exile.

Once again the French marched for Pedace and 17 July 1806 attacked the country. At the entrance the pedacesi borbonici led by Lorenzo Martire opposed a hard resistance, but lost 50 men, the survivors still tried to escape into the mountains. Also this time the country was theatre of dramatic vicissitudes, set afire and plundered. A report of that time tells us about shootings and stabbings of old men and children, like the last son of Tommaso Valente 13 years old and the old father the priest of the parish Donato, Domenico notary public, man of singular straightness. Still a pardon, still a return in mass. But the Leonetti, that enjoyed the protection of the Verdier, domineered and killed, long after they torn the emergency ticket that guaranteed their impunity, Antonio Donato and Michele Covello. Many were the villainy completed by the Leonetti that Zurlo, minister of king Gioacchino Murat, decided that the “Leonetti patriots exaggerated too much, in homage to the hatred that they brought to Pedace, had been moved with honourable ODLIKA in other provinces”. After two French shipments against Pedace the country remained desolated, impoverished , but always fiercely adverse, to the invaders. Of this aversion all were made active supporters the spillages that were assembled in which, like heads or followers were present on all the battlefields against the French. Giacomo Pisano and Lorenzo Martire were distinguished that the commando of the realists divided with Panedigrano. Some excesses, especially from the said Pisano Francatrippa, shows as how it could have been born the legend of the ferocity “pedacise”. In spite of the failure to the Pianette di Rovito, Pisano more and more is decided to fight against the French. At the end of August he encamped with 200 men in the forest of the Noce, near Acri. Besieged Acri, he conquers it, frees the prisioners and nominates himself president of a court of the free people. Committing every monstrous it then passes to besiege Bisigniano, and 3 October 1806 S. Peter in Guarano, to the head of 600 men, with to the Martire and the realists of Rovito, commant from Clement Serafino. The Pedacesi piombano on the French guided from Deguisanges and they put them in exile. 23 prisoners were burned alive in the public square of the country. Encouraged by the easy success of S. Peter the guided borbonici of Pedace from the Martire assault Aprigliano, but they failed. the Pisano then is moved in the Crotonese, attacks Crotone, Scandale, S. Mauro, and 16 January 1807 S. Giovanni in Fiore where although it had to its orders approximately 2000 men fails from the 400 soldiers of the garrison.

After being sheltered on the heights of Rogliano they embarked in Sicily. Returning in Calabria, participated to the (to take by storm)espugnazione of Reggio, then attack Lindo where in the september of 1808, while he attacked the house of a priest, got hit with a gunshot in the face. Dying asked his men to revenge him and asked to be burned, so half-alive he was thrown between the flames that he had started(stir). Other notorious pedacesi briganti stud the judicial reports of the time. Rocco Antonio De Luca, years twenty-four, “ferraro” of trade, famous like “Gappo”, is one of the many that in the years of disorder, under the excuse of the uprising and the war with the enemy, its natural vocation to the violence, the theft, the abuse were left unpunished. Born in Casole, but “commorante” in the municipality of Pedace, for Rocco Antonio do not lack the occasions in order to distinguish themselves. We have seen Pedace between Casali the most restless Cosentini, most turbulent, most hostile to the French. To cargo of the De Luca, homicides seized like that one of don Stefano Valente are debited, clergyman, to which De Luca, after making him victim of a murder, detached the head. The accusations are multiplied: brigante to the continuation of Lorenzo Martire, Francatrippa. of Iocca, thief of horses and wheat, thanks to the mechanism of pardon and the net of complicity for two years succeeds in escaping the justice. But 30th of April another pedacese the “legal adviser” Bonaventura Curci, arrests him in the public square of Cosenza and imprisons him under the accusation of illicit port of crews. Once emprisoned don Tommaso Valente father of the murdered don Stefano, joins the Curci in order to ask justice from general Perri. 6th of May 1808 the General reaches the lieutenant colonel Simeone, president of the Military commission of Cosenza, the exposed the Curci and Valente. From the reading of the documents the complicity, fear tangle of compromises ,emerges in a hallucinatory picture, revealing a cracked Pedace- that leaves to notice the confusion and the disorder that still two years from the first insurrectionary motions dominates in the society and the custom of the entire Calabria. The Curci, main prosecutor, that wants and tries to exonerate the culprit don Domenico Calvelli, who for having quickly numerous thefts from De Luca, confirms that he knows nothing about his criminal activity, the diminishing of Pedace, that they testify in favour of Rocco Antonio defining it “always honest in service of the French government, always calm, in his family”. Other famous brigante was Michele Lucanto. Born in Pedace was condemned to death and shot on the 26th of June 1806 in order to have participated to the continuation of Francatrippa, the siege of Acres. Brigandage of the decade has been reason of several judgments and contrasting. The Calabrians received with great enthusiasm Giuseppe Bonaparte. Nevertheless at a distance of two months all the Calabria was raised against him. This conduct of the Calabrians, apparently strange, goes identified, in the serious uneasiness that the military occupation brought to the region, for the most remarkable difference of uses, customs, opinions, of language, between the soldiers and population.

So that to the hope of instantaneous relief very soon faced a serious disappointment, aggravated from the infinite requirements of an army with war ahead, from changing measures, from the licentious conduct of the troupes; in conclusion, from all the weight, all the violences and all the mortifying that a occupied country can know. Of this profited all the studious of the ancient regime, those who in the stopped government had engagements or proceeds, went urging to the revolt the people, species whereby - as in the ill-famed easier Cosentini Casali and more effective their propaganda succeeded. The soldiers entered in houses, took animals for food and - sometimes without giving back- for the transports, they carried via, without paying for them, the food, circled the women using the well-known calabrian jealousy; they demanded the taxes violently, they converted the churches in barracks and warehouses, trained to the shooting at the images of the Madonna. For the period of 1806-1808, therefore it can be told about a popular motion advent, where more, where less, a sure political print; in the sense that collected sincere partisans, fanatics of the ancient government and humble people in good faith less profiteers, fugitives, and lawless-men, that they covered their defect ones with an improbable borbonica faith. In the years 1809-1811, the motion, that he went diminishing under the repression of Messina and Manhès, he tilted more and more to criminal activities. The true briganti become of the outlaw, than, in the name of king Ferdinand it gives to vent to all their instincts, without scruples, fought, breeches , laying a trap as well as from the foreigners how much from the compatriots, sometimes betrayed from the same companions, with dispersion they offend and they defend themselves. According to the Caldora in their activity some symptom of social fight cannot be picked not even, like in the previous years,since they do not save unarmed and unaware of peasants, modest merchants, humble persons without guilt . 12 July 1808 Giuseppe Bonaparte, called to resist the throne of Spain had to leave his Italian reign that came entrusted to Giocchino Murat, husband of Carolina Bonaparte, sister of the emperor. Under the reign of Murat the abolitions of the monastery orders had begun. Confiscated their assets he sold them by auction to the state but the greater purchasers were only the red owners who had greater availability of liquid currency.

For example: Alfonso Barracco, that for 89,225 ducati, acquired in July 1814, 3,106 tomolate of the Sila Agarò, already of property of the Minimums of Spezzano Grande. To Pedace with decree of the 1.5.1808 the monastery of the Dominicans was abbolished, with decree of the 7.8.1809 moncs of the Paolotti and the Cappuccini.To indemnify, many families of the losses endured during the turbulences of the province. Murat thought about inhabitating and cultivating the silano Federal property. The nobleman dared exceeding design, previewed the concession to perpetual unearned income of all ducati the state property assets the annual product of 150 for anyone that had the intention of making a permanent home for family of at least 3, would have received - beyond the lumber in order to manufacture it not less and for the heating than 25 bushel coltivabili, free for twenty years from any land tax. The allocation would have been only defined when demanded from at least 50 families. But the plan was not lead in port. 1810 mark the arrival in Calabria of General Manhès. At the end of the year few months after his arrival the number of the murdered or arrested briganti piles up to 500. The repression was pitiless and vanquished brigandage: the Crati, remembers the Caldora, for a long time gave back shapeless pieces of human bodies, the law enforcements, most feracious. they often hit the innocents, and they carried to serious injustice. When 28 May 1815 the French trouppe left the calahrese territory, not a single gesture of regret, a single sign of sorrow of it did not accompany the departure. The napoleonica adventure in the noon of Italy, begun in Calabria with the battle of Campotenese, to Pizzo of Calabria found its tragic episode. with the execution of Murat.

Chapter VII II the return of the Borboni

As a result of the Conference of Vienna the Calabria. Cosenza and Pedace return under the borbonico dominion: Ferdinand 1V, the old king, reassumes the title it of Ferdinand 1. [114 January 1825 Ferdinand dies leaving the throne to the heir Francesco I, to which he happens. in 1830 Ferdinand II. The tasks that Ferdinand 11 of Borbone proposed during his reign is the reconstitution of the immense Federal property of Sua that through the centuries, we have seen, had been in great usurpations. Therefore he refers to the politics of the predecessor Ferdinand 1V who gave assignment to Zurlo to complete a verification on the state of the Direction Sua. Ferdinando IV suggested that the Silano problem must be resolved to its core, pushed from the opportunity to not only reconstruct what it had been an immense Federal property of the state, but also from the necessity to raise from the misery the peasants and labourers of the zone transferring to them the forth part , and sometimes, third of the claimed lands. The misery of the proletarians of the Sila was enormous.

The new class that was forming, the bourgeoisie getting hold of immense extension ,had condemned to unemployment and hunger nearly one hundred thousand peasants. Of immense extension, where secular they had exercised the civil uses, the peasants after 1814 ever since the Queen Carolina, wife of Gioacchino Murat, gave up, in order to extinguish a debit of construction of some buildings of the Theater of Saint Carl of Naples, twenty eight contrade(roads) of the best Federal properties of the Sila Regia, their conditions had gotten worse. Sometimes the successory ones of Barbaia. to which she gave to the property of those lands, like the Campaign, like the Barracco, the Grisolia, the MoIlo made them drive away from their factors, leading them to desperation. The situation of the Sila was maintained stable until 1838 when Ferdinand II made to emanate a citation for editto for which the silani owners suffered a lot of pain in order to return the lands to the Federal property, the supporting documents of the possession. Very few had them. With the same decree it instituted the Civil Commissariat for the transactions of Sua. In 1840 and 1841, as a result of discords between the families Campagna and Barracco, the peasants became part in the fight giving place to an immense movement for the occupation of lands and the cultivation. In April some inhabitants of Pedace and of Sera occupied the Neto defense, in the territory of Spezzano of property of the baron Molle and had begun to seminary. The push of the labourers, the same disorders pushed the Government to emanate the decree of 31 March 1843, that it established the competence of the Civil commissioner. The sovereign rescritto of the 25th of April 1843 ordered that the Civil Commissioner for the transactions of the Sila had to hold present the intense activities made from Zurlo in 1792.

The Civil Commissioner had to judge the controversies, the agreement of the parties, with decisions and susceptible decrees of transfer claim, from production within three months from their order, to the Committee of the Sila sostaven od 5 magistrates, to which successively an attorney general of the King was added. After a first period of slow action the Commissariat passes in 1847 to the foundation of a state program, as he reconstitutes the Federal property of the State, and at the same time social as encounter to the necessity and the demands for the poor peasants. In 1848 new Civil Commissioner Barletta already takes part as peacemaker in the controversies between peasants and owners. The peasant movement for the occupation of lands was in 1848 in Sua more imposing that elsewhere and Pedace exploded.The day 11th of April more than thousand peasants of Casali, preceded by the national flag, have made in Cosenza a demonstration asking that the civil Commissioner to go in Sua; to Agarò four hundred men with flag and drum were going for all the defense; the Pedacesi of Vallo of Reggio had marked the points on the land and fallow scattered in the Fallistro defense, Neto. Giardineili, the Sculca. Casalesi and Reggio. Towards the end of August 1848, the crudes oil of an other rich usurpator of silane lands were depredated, of the Berlingieri baron of Crotone, to which capacities via three “black” sheep came. Perceived from its factor, the baron addressed to district director of Cosenza, so that the sheep were given back and way was found to prevent the thefts and the violences “with energetic and exemplary means, and with the shipment to permanence of Armed Forces in Sua”. And the district director took chance of the episode in order to insist on the Ministry of the Interior so that they send new force in the Calabria Citra and he rushed the operation of claiming of silane lands to the Federal property entrusted to the Barletta proxy.

From the report comes clear that the peasants, getting hold of the crudes oil, acted straight in sight of their expected right: they were inhabitants of Casali of Cosenza, in Pedacesi majority, which had gotten hold not only of the sheep of Mr. Berlingieri of Crotone, but also of those of the Mr. Cosentini di Aprigliano and demanded of being owners of the vegetable, grazed from those animals in lands that they thought were common. With the restoration of the order and the withdrawal of the peasants from the occupied fields, it resumes the legal action of the Civil Commissioner, with verification from 1849 to the 1852 part of lands of the Sila, claiming the Damanio and detaches of the fourth parts of claimed lands, granting them to the Municipalities in compensation of the civil uses. 5 August 1854 the Barletta, Civil Commissioner for the transactions of the Sila, published a species of regulations for the temporary division of Federal properties of Sila between the citizens of Cosenza and Casali.

they were wise arangements from technical and social point of view. The division of Federal properties between municipality and municipality would have been made in proportion with the number of inhabitants. The allocation of quotas in property was avoided, cause it had shown many times in vain, and the temporary subdivision in quotas of simple use between the poor families was settled down, in proportions of the respective needs and the number of members. Excluded from the share were the families that possessed “defense” in the Sila and those that lived from other occupations that were not agriculture. In the October of 1855 it was proceeded to the allocation of the Cupone Federal properties, Crocevia of Cerviuolo. Cuponello and S. Giovanni di Paliati for a third of the share of Sprezzano piccolo and for 2 thirds to the municipalities of Pedace and Trenta. 2nd of November 1857, 40 quotas the Guzzolini Federal property were assigned to the poor inhabitants of Pedace of 250 were shared: Stefano Candid De Marco Palace Peter Martire di Annunciato Lorenzo Martire Francescantonio Pezzi Francesco Marno Antonio De Marco (MBOMBO) Michele Ippolito Leonetti Cosentino Pietro Barca Sebastiano Martire Giovanni Palazzo Luigi Rota Lorenzo Monaco (Pripetto) Francesco Cinnante di Carmine Canine Donato De Bernardo Faraca Sebastiano Leonetti Savero Bruno Staino Li Trenta Giambattista De Marco Eredi di Vincenzo Mele Eugene Sapia Giuseppina De Luca Filippo Li Trenta Rose Cava and her grandaughter Francesco Valente was Giovanni Cesar Nicoletti Teresa Mele Pietro Michele Faraca Paolo Rossi Michele Celestino Achille De Marco Davide Morrone Giovanni Pezzi Innocenzo Martire Francesco Gagliano Gabriele Lauro Francesco Cinnante was Antonio Carmine Cinnante was Vincenzo. It must be said that the dispositions of the Barletta, opening job possibility and of life to the poor peasants, they had the effect to moderate, indeed to nearly abolish completely brigandage in the Sila, if is true that the police documents are sealed. Brigandage will reappear instead in rather alarming way after 1861, when the populations of the Sila will be found private from the action of the rich owners of the possibilities that the wise dispositions of the Barletta offered. In the successive years the Barracco, the Guzzolini, the Lucifero, the Boscarelli endures the hard legal sentences of the Special Magistracy of the Sila and while they ask boldness from the common magistracies.

The hatred of the usurpators, forced to give back “the gained”, towards the borbonica dynasty increases more and more. In 1860, to the notice of the enterprises garibaldine. they were enlisted in the army of the Garibaldi's redshirts, led by the Medical lieutenant Filomeno Martire and the lieutenant of line Salvatore Martire 140 young pedacesi. Still at first the nine hundred they enjoyed the money of compensation for guns to which they had participated Giovanni Morrone, Filiberto Sapia. Batiste De Luca, Vincenzo Leonetti, Francisco Morrone and others. The figure of Francisco Barca, always present remembers Announciato De Luca to the celebration of the festivity of the fallen for the native land, with the red handkerchief and near the seat of the Marinella to side of the parochial church smoking the pipe that it had ignited with the focal stone, to recall the festivity of the 30,000 victorious volunteers to Bezzecca. The arrival of Garibaldi reawakened the hope of the peasants of Casali. Although in Calabria Citra he is host of the Morelli, large estate owners marked from Barletta like usurpators and fiercely antiborbonici, and although other large estate owners making part of the liberal Committees that register their actions with the name of Italy and Vittorio Emanuele, they have abundantly contributed with capitals and with means to the enterprise in Calabria, Garibaldi emanates a short decree that seems to satisfy the secular earth hunger of the laborers of the sila. It says the decree:

In the name of ITALY the poor inhabitants of Cosenza and Casali can use the pasture and the seeds free of charge in state property lands of the Sila. And this temporarily until to definitive disposition

Rogliano, 31 August 1860

The Signed Dictator GARIBALDI

The decree of Garibaldi came emanated from the same palace of Rogliano in which the Morelli had given hospitality on 10th of September 1844 to Ferdinand II; Now the Morelli accommodated Garibaldi and Donato came chosen from the Dictator to be the Governor of the Calabria Citra. But the decree was never applied. Donato Morelli with the order of the 5 September 1860 hardly 5 days after modified it. And also under the new reign it resumes the fight for the land: in 1861 group of citizens fron the zone of Sila, determined to renew the land occupations in the zone of Camigliati, sent in exile from the regular soldiers of the new reign, experience at their expense the agony of the repression.